Saturday, August 29, 2015

A Connecticut in King Arthur’s Court Study Questions



A Connecticut in King Arthur’s Court (Mark Twain)
Study Questions

BEFORE READING
Read the Introduction to A Connecticut in King Arthur’s Court.
Read the handout of Literary Terms


WEEK 1 -- Intro & Ch. 1 – 6 (p. vii – 31)
Discussion
1.      What does Twain write in the beginning to “frame” the story and to set it up as a believable set of circumstances?
2.      What has Twain included that could make this story less creditable?
3.      For centuries, stories and legends about King Arthur and Camelot have been told.  What does it tell you about Hank that he is unfamiliar with the tales and the place?
4.      What is Hank’s first impression of the King, the Knights, and the Round Table?
5.      Give examples of verbal humor used in these chapters.
6.      Explain Hank’s perspective on the supernatural and magic.  Why do you think he tells the people that he’s using magic to cause the eclipse?


WEEK 2 -- Ch. 7 – 13 (p. 31 – 67)
Discussion
1.      Why does Hank feel as if he was “just another Robinson Crusoe?” (p. 33)
2.      Why does Hank choose his title, “The Boss?”
3.      How does Hank describe the people and purpose of the nation?  What American ideals lead him to think this way?
4.      What ideas about nobility & rank does Twain discuss?
5.      Why was Hank afraid of the Church? (see Ch.10)
6.      Describe Clarence and the role he has begun to play.
7.      How was this nation a “country of wandering liars?” (p. 51)
8.      Explain the “quest” Hank must go on.
9.      Give 3 examples of metaphors that Hank uses in his descriptions and comments.
10.  What political and/or business ideas does Hank express?


WEEK 3 -- Ch. 14 – 19 (p. 68 – 100)
Discussion
1.      How does Hank subdue the knights attacking him?
2.      Describe Sandy.  What phrases does Hank use to describe her?
3.      Give examples of the language barrier between Hank and Sandy.
4.      How is Hank using knights for advertising?  What is his motive and purpose for doing this?
5.      Give an example of verbal humor or an unusual metaphor.
6.      What does Hank mean when he refers to Morgan le Fay’s “petrified training?” (p.87, 91)
7.      What is knight-errantry and why does Hank call it “a most chuckle-headed trade?” (p. 99)
8.      What causes Sandy to be speechless?


WEEK 4 -- Ch. 20 – 23 (p. 101 – 131)
1.      Describe what Hank and Sandy find at the Ogre’s Castle.
2.      How is the meeting of Sandy and the “ladies” both sweet and sad?
3.      Hank mentions the “power of training! Of influence! Of education!”  Why are these so important?
4.      Who does Hank meet on his way to the Valley of Holiness?  Describe them.
5.      Why does Hank go to the Valley of Holiness?
6.      How does Hank use one of the hermits for his purposes?
7.      Why does the fountain not work?  How will Hank remedy the problem?
8.      If Hank is so opposed to magic and superstition, why does he keep pretending to use his own “magical” powers?
9.      Why does Hank use such theatrical performances?


WEEK 5 – Ch. 24 – 27 (p. 132 – 158)
Discussion
1.      What new invention appears at the beginning of Chapter 24?  How does it give Hank an advantage?
2.      Explain the differences between Hank’s qualifications for soldiers and the King’s qualifications.
3.      What scheme does Hank devise to help save the kingdom money, give nobility a place in the army, and yet guarantee qualified soldiers?
4.      Explain what the “king’s-evil” is.
5.      What were Hank’s opinions about his first newspaper?
6.      Why did the King and Hank embark on a trip in disguise?
7.      What adjustments did the King need to make?  Why?


WEEK 6 -- Ch. 28 – 31 (p. 159 – 187)
Discussion
1.      How does Hank compare the cares of the kingdom with the cares of the lowly born?
2.      What are Hank’s opinions about intellectual work and manual labor? (Ch. 28)
3.      How does the King’s “kingliness” serve him well in the smallpox hut?
4.      Describe the tragedy at the Manor House. 
5.      What tragedy do Hank and the King prevent?
6.      What name does the King go by while staying in the village with Marco?


WEEK 7 -- Ch. 32 – 36  (p. 188 – 219)
Discussion
1.      How does Hank express his need to be theatrical and to attract attention to himself?
2.      In what way is he a hypocrite in his interactions with Dowley?
3.      How does Hank manage to get all of the peasants angry with him?
4.      Explain the irony in the King’s and Hank’s responses to the low price they bring as slaves.
5.      Why do you think the King is not worth more as a slave?
6.      The 19th century audience enjoyed melodramas.  Define “melodrama” and explain how this genre is reflected in Ch. 35.
7.      Why did Hank not escape earlier?


WEEK 8 -- Ch. 37 – 41  (p. 220 – 245)
Discussion
1.      Describe the sequence of events that leads the King and Hank to prison.
2.      What kind of response was Twain looking for from his readers when he chose to have the knights appear in armor and riding bicycles?
3.      Why does Hank have to fight Sir Sagramor?
4.      How does Hank again act as if he believes in Merlin’s magic and yet makes fun of him?
5.      Why does Hank wait to reveal his mines and factories until after he has subdued the knights?
6.      Give at least 5 examples of “technological” advances that have happened since Hank has come to Camelot.
7.      Describe Hank’s & Sandy’s relationship.


WEEK 9 – Ch. 42 – Final PS  (p. 246 – 268)
Discussion
1.      What changes have been made that make the 6th century look more like the 21st century?
2.      Why is Hank not in England when the Interdict comes?
3.      What causes the knights to fight among themselves and to ultimately split the kingdom?
4.      Describe England’s condition when he returns.
5.      Explain the following phrase from Chapter 44:  “We had conquered; in turn we were conquered.”
6.      At the very end, which civilization does Hank want to be in?  Why?





FINAL QUESTIONS
Twain wrote to the illustrator of this story that Hank Morgan was “a perfect ignoramus; he is boss of a machine shop, he can build a locomotive or a Colt’s revolver, he can put up and run a telegraph line, but he’s an ignoramus nevertheless.”  In other words, Hank was not a person of intellect but of inventiveness and ingenuity.  How is this important to the story?  How would the story have been different it Hank had been a deep thinker, a philosopher?

Introduction to A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court



             Published in 1889, Connecticut Yankee is one of the world's first stories about time travel. The seed for this novel was probably planted during Mark Twain's 1884-1885 reading tour for Huck Finn, when George Washington Cable bought him a copy of Sir Thomas Malory's Morte D'Arthur in an upstate New York bookstore. But Mark Twain's interest in travel to "old worlds" was a longstanding one, as his first book shows. And his interest in the British past was also a lifelong preoccupation, as can be seen in texts like The Prince and the Pauper, or even the Memory-Builder game he invented and patented to help American children learn the dates of England's various monarchies. As Twain’s fantastic attempt to locate his time and place in terms of its imagined pasts and its possible futures, Connecticut Yankee is perhaps his most complex book:
            A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court met with mixed reviews when it was published in 1889. The British especially took offense at the novel, feeling that it maligned their history and culture and disgraced the ideals of King Arthur and his Round Table. Others hailed it as a triumph, full of genuine insight and sensitivity to social injustices throughout the ages. Many critics call attention to the cynical ending as evidence of Twain's own disenchantment with the promises of technology and progress as a result of his financial hardships, particularly the failure of an automatic typesetting machine in which he had invested. His later works share this tone of disillusionment. He died in 1910, survived by only one of his four children.”  (Spark Notes)

Major& Minor Characters

Hank Morgan
Clarence (Amyas le Poulet)
Sandy (Alisande)
King Arthur
Merlin
Sir Launcelot
Guenevere
Sir Sagramor le Desirous
Morgan Le Fay
Sir Kay
Marco
Dowley


Primary Themes

Magic/ Superstition vs. Technology
Religion/ Church
Education/ Training vs. Nature
King Arthur/ Monarchy
Chivalry/ Round Table/ Knighthood
Justice
Slavery



Topics for Analysis Discussion
Use of humor & satire
Role of the narrator
Contradictions




Works Cited
Spark Notes. Literature Study Guide: A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court. 2014. Barnes & Noble. Web. 22 July 2014.


Grammar: Weeks 1 & 2



WEEKS 1 & 2 – Introduction to the Parts of Speech

PARTS OF SPEECH
Parts of speech are the basic types of words that English has. Every word in the English language falls into one of these categories.  Most grammar books say that there are eight parts of speech: nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, conjunctions, prepositions and interjections. Some grammar books add another, articles, as a part of speech.  For this class, articles will be included with the adjectives. 

It is important to be able to recognize and identify the different types of words in English so that you can understand grammar explanations and use the right word form in the right place.

A fun and easy way to remember the parts of speech is with the mnemonic, the name “IVAN CAPP.”
I = interjection
V = verb
A = adjective
N = noun
C = conjunction
A = adverb
P = Preposition
P = Pronoun



NOUN
Nouns are words, phrases or clauses that name a person, place, thing, idea, or quality.
Categories for nouns: 
Common
Proper
Compound
Collective
As adverbs
Concrete
Abstract
Countable
Non-countable
Verbal nouns (gerunds)
A noun can be used in a sentence as
Subject
Direct object
Indirect object
Object of a preposition
Predicate Noun



PRONOUNS
A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun.  An antecedent is a word or group of words to which a pronoun refers.  If the antecedent is singular, the pronoun must be singular.  If the antecedent is plural, then the pronoun must be plural.
Various types of pronouns
   Personal
o   Subjective case
o   Objective case
o   Possessive case
   Reflexive or intensive
   Demonstrative
   Relative
   Interrogative
   Extended
   Indefinite



ADJECTIVE
Adjective:  An adjective is a word, phrase, or clause that modifies (changes, limits, describes, transforms, qualifies) a noun or pronoun.
   Adjectives answer the following questions:  Which one? What kind of? and How many?
   Adjectives may be placed before the noun, after the noun, or after a state of being or linking verb.



VERB
Verb:  A verb is a word used to describe an action, state, or occurrence, and forming the main part of the predicate of a sentence.
Categories for Verbs:
   Action
   State of being
   Linking
Verbs have voice
   Active:  the action of the verb is performed by the subject of the sentence.
   Passive:  the action of the verb is performed upon the subject of the sentence.
Agreement in number
   Singular subjects and singular verbs; plural subjects and plural verbs
All sentences have verbs
   Imperative sentences may appear to be missing the subject, but it is an understood “you.”
All verbs have 4 principle parts: 
1) present stem;
2) past tense
3) past participle
4) present participle.  eg.  look, looked, looked. looking.



ADVERB
Adverb:  An adverb is a word, phrase, or clause that modifies (changes, limits, describes, transforms, qualifies) a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.
   Adverbs answer the following questions:  How? When? Where? To what extent? How much?  How often?
   Placement:  Adverbs of one word almost always come before the word modified.  Clauses and phrases should be placed as closely as possible to the verb is modifies.
   Formation:  Adverbs can be formed by adding “-ly” to an adjective.  (e.g.  correctly, happily, sparingly)  Another way to form an adverb is to place an adjective in the following formula:  “in a _________ manner.”



PREPOSITION
Preposition:  A preposition is a word that links a noun or pronoun with some other  word or words (usually nouns or pronouns) in a sentence.
   A preposition always comes before the noun (object of the preposition)
   Prepositional phrases can be adjectival or adverbial.



CONJUNCTION
Conjunction:  A conjunction is a word or words used to join other words, phrases, or clauses.
   Coordinating conjunctions:  for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so (“FANBOYS”)
   Correlative conjunctions:  either … or; neither … nor; not only … but also; both … and; etc.
   Adverbial conjunctions:  although, if, because, since (these join subordinate clauses)
   Generally, conjunctions appear within the sentence.  On rare occasions, a conjunction may begin a sentence or paragraph.



INTERJECTION
Interjection:  An interjection is a word or group of words expressing emotion or feeling, however slight.  Also, this part of speech doesn’t fit into any of the other categories of the parts of speech.

Examples:        Well, I don’t think so.
                        Marvelous! You have done an incredible job.
                        Oh no.  This is terrible.